As travel becomes more accessible, the world is facing a rising challenge: how can we strike a balance between the joy of exploration and the responsibility to preserve our planet’s natural resources and cultural heritage? Over the past few years, ecotourism has emerged as a solution to this dilemma, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional tourism. But what distinguishes ecotourism from traditional tourism? Observing and appreciating the environment and the traditional cultures found in natural places are the primary reasons for travelers engaging in ecotourism. It relies on small, locally owned companies for services, has educational and interpretive components, and is usually led by specialized tour guides for small groups. While promoting the preservation and upkeep of natural places used as ecotourism attractions, it seeks to lessen adverse effects on the natural and sociocultural environments (Ma, 2023 · UNWTO, n.d.). As travelers become more conscious of their environmental impact, ecotourism is gaining momentum as a preferred, responsible travel option (Grand View Research, 2023). 

Environmental benefits 

The potential of ecotourism to aid in the conservation of vulnerable ecosystems and biodiversity is among the strongest arguments in favor of its adoption (Ma, 2023). Conventional tourism often puts extreme pressure on ecosystems by causing pollution, overuse of natural resources, and degradation of wildlife habitats. Ecotourism, on the other hand, places a higher priority on preserving these places so that they can be enjoyed by future generations (Global Development Research Center, n.d.). Numerous national parks and marine reserves worldwide benefit from the financial support generated by ecotourism, helping to support vital conservation efforts (Leung et al., 2018). Consider Costa Rica, a country known for its commitment to preserving its rainforests. Through ecotourism, the country has funded the creation of wildlife reserves, contributing to the protection of diverse species such as jaguars, sloths, and toucans (Tellier, 2024).

Furthermore, ecotourism promotes low-impact practices that mitigate environmental harm. Eco-friendly accommodations use renewable energy (such as solar panels or wind power) to minimize their carbon footprint. Also, ecotourism activities that prioritize conservation and the valorization of natural capital, such as whale-watching, have become increasingly popular among travelers (Casimiro et al., 2023).

Cultural Benefits

Ecotourism can highly contribute to the preservation of culture and traditions. This stems from ecotourism’s core goal of educating visitors about local traditions and values and encouraging considerate and authentic engagement with the local community (Leung et al., 2018). Travelers are encouraged to participate in local rituals, festivals, and crafts, all while learning about the history and significance behind these practices. On their part, locals are empowered to make decisions about tourism – such as determining the amount, location, and timing of visits- which enables them to guide the direction of cultural change, preserving authenticity while commodifying certain practices in ways they find acceptable (Barna et al., 2011). Additionally, ecotourism benefits the economy of local communities directly by creating jobs and fostering economic growth. Small local businesses benefit significantly from travelers who choose to travel responsibly. Last but not least, ecotourism can function as an empowering factor for marginalized groups such as women. One might wonder: how is this achieved? By becoming tour guides, artisans, or hospitality workers, these individuals become financially independent and develop their skills (Sosa & Brenner, 2021).  

Examples of Successful Ecotourism Destinations 

Many destinations worldwide have adopted ecotourism and experienced its benefits. Costa Rica, as mentioned above, is often considered one of the most successful examples of ecotourism, with its extensive network of protected areas and commitment to sustainability. Nature lovers visiting Costa Rica can engage in a range of environmentally friendly activities, including exploring cloud forests, volcanic landscapes, and pristine beaches (Tellier, 2024). 

Another example is Tallinn, where ecotourism has flourished in recent years. Tallinn’s dedication to environmental preservation is reflected in its extensive green network, which includes parks, forests, and private gardens offering visitors environmentally friendly leisure activities. Nature enthusiasts can explore Tallinn’s diverse natural landscapes, enjoy its clean air, and support artisans and businesses while contributing to a greener future (Visit Tallinn, n.d.).

Tips for First-Time Ecotourists: 

• Start Small and Local: explore eco-friendly destinations near your home.

• Research Your Destination: seek out places with certification like Green Key, and Rainforest Alliance.

• Choose Sustainable Accommodations: look out for accommodations that prioritize renewable energy, water conservation, and waste reduction.

• Respect Local Cultures: before visiting, learn about the traditions and customs and respect them during your stay. 

• Engage in Low-Impact Activities: go for activities like hiking, kayaking, and generally activities that do not harm the environment and its wildlife. 

• Be a Sustainable Shopper: Buy souvenirs that are locally made and eco-friendly. Avoid mass production and commercialized products.

References:

Barna, C., Epure, M., & Vasilescu, R. (2011). Ecotourism–conservation of the natural and cultural heritage. Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, 1(1), 87-96

Casimiro, D., Ventura, M. A., Botelho, A. Z., & Guerreiro, J. (2023). Ecotourism in Marine Protected Areas as a tool to valuate natural capital and enhance good marine governance: A review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 1002677.https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1002677

GDRC.(n.d.). Tourism’s impact on the environment. Global Developments Research Center. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html#:~:text=TOURISM’S%20THREE%20MAIN%20IMPACT%20AREAS&text=It%20can%20put%20enormous%20pressure,heightened%20vulnerability%20to%20forest%20fires

Grand View Research. (2023, January). Ecotourism market size, share & trends analysis report by type, by activity, by region. and segment forecast, 2023 – 2030. Grand View Research. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/ecotourism-market-report 

Leung, Y. F., Spenceley, A., Hvenegaard, G., Buckley, R., & Groves, C. (2018). Tourism and visitor management in protected areas: Guidelines for sustainability (Vol. 27). Gland, Switzerland: IuCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.PAG.27.en 

Ma, Y.X. (2023). Eco-tourism’s impact on fragile ecosystems: Balancing conservation and tourism. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 13(7), 13-15.  DOI: 10.15421/2023_472    

Sosa, M. C., & Brenner, L. (2021). Factors of community participation that explain the benefits of ecotourism. DOI:10.25145/j.pasos.2021.19.030

Tellier, G. (2024, July 3). Wild Animals in Costa Rica – Discover the Diverse Wildlife. Costa Rica Immigration Experts. https://crie.cr/what-wild-animals-live-in-costa-rica/  

Visit Tallinn. (n.d.). Sustainable Tallinn. Visit Tallinn. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://www.visittallinn.ee/eng/visitor/ideas-tips/top-guides/sustainable-tallinn 

UNWTO.(n.d.). Ecotourism and protected areas. United Nations World Tourism Organization. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/ecotourism-and-protected-areas#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20UN%20Tourism’s,cultures%20prevailing%20in%20natural%20areas.